Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act
June 18, 2008 Staff Interpretation of Section 1404: “Federal Swimming Pool and Spa Drain Cover Standard”*

On December 19, 2007, the President signed into law the Virginia Graeme Baker Pool and Spa Safety Act, named after the daughter of Nancy Baker and the granddaughter of former Secretary of State James Baker. Graeme Baker died in a tragic incident in June 2002 after the suction from a spa drain entrapped her under the water. This Act was first introduced by Rep. Debbie Wasserman-Schultz (FL) and was supported by the Baker family and Safe Kids Worldwide.

There is an annual average of 283 drowning deaths (2003-2005) and 2,700 emergency room-treated submersion injuries (2005-2007) involving children younger than 5 in pools and spas. In addition, from 1997-2007, there were 74 reported incidents associated with suction entrapment, including 9 deaths and 63 injuries. The new law is aimed at reducing these deaths and injuries by making pools safer, securing the environment around them, and educating consumers and industry on pool safety.

The Act specifies that on or after December 19, 2008, swimming pool and spa drain covers available for purchase in the United States must meet specific performance requirements. Additionally, public swimming pools, wading pools, spas and hot tubs must meet requirements for installation of compliant drain covers. New drain covers which meet the current standard are now beginning to make their way into the marketplace. Additionally, in certain instances, public pools and spas must have additional devices or systems designed to prevent suction entrapment.

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) staff has prepared this guidance document that spells out the technical requirements of
Section 1404 of the Act, along with CPSC staff’s answers to certain enforcement and legal issues. This document takes into account comments provided to CPSC during an open comment period in March 2008. Comments were provided by a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, state government officials, pool industry representatives, safety equipment manufacturers and representatives, consumer safety organizations, and others.